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0 Muhammad, the illiterate messenger (7:94 - 206)

Episode 11: Muhammad, the illiterate messenger (7:94-206)

Surah 7: The Heights (Al-A'raf)

Is anyone safe from Allah's schemes?

94 We sent prophets to towns that we planned to destroy. 95 Then we destroyed them when they least expected it.

97 So will Allah's wrath come upon the people while they sleep? 98 Or will it come upon them in the daytime while they are playing? 99 Is anyone safe from Allah's schemes?

100 We could smite them for their sins before they knew what happened to them. 101 That's what Allah does to disbelievers.

Allah's tokens

103 We sent Moses with our tokens to Pharoah and look what happened to him.

104 Moses said to the Pharaoh, “I'm a messenger from the Lord of the worlds. Let the children of Israel go.”

106 Pharaoh said, “Show me a token.”

107 Moses threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. 108 Then he drew out his hand, and it was white.

109 Pharaoh's chiefs said, “Whoa! This is some kind of wizard.”

117 Then we inspired Moses by saying, “Throw down your staff.”

118 And it swallowed their lying show.

120-2 Pharaoh's wizards fell down and said, “We believe in the Lord of the worlds, the Lord of Moses and Aaron.”

124 The Pharaoh said, “OK, well, I'll cut off your hands and feet on alternate sides. Then I'll crucify you.”

130 We sent a famine on the Pharaoh and his people. 133 We sent locusts, lice, frogs, and blood -- a succession of clear signs. 136 Then we drowned them in the sea.

Moses, the first true believer

142 Moses was on the mountain for forty nights.

143 He said to his Lord, “Show yourself to me.” So his Lord revealed his glory and the mountain came crashing down. Moses said, “I'm the first true believer.”

144 Allah said to Moses, “I like you better than everyone else.”

146 If they don't believe my tokens, I'll make them disbelieve my revelations. 147 All their works will be fruitless.

148 Moses's people worshiped a calf, made out of ornaments, that made a lowing sound.

152 Those who worship the calf will receive terror and humiliation from their Lord.

155 Moses said to Allah, “You send astray whomever you like.”

Muhammad, the illiterate messenger

156-7 Allah said,

I smite whomever I want. But I have mercy on all things.

Those who pay to support the poor, believe our revelations, and follow the illiterate messenger, will be successful.

158 Say this Muhammad, “I am the messenger of Allah. Believe in Allah and me (the illiterate prophet).”

Be ye apes, despised and loathed!

160 We told Moses to smite the rock with his staff, and twelve springs gushed forth, one for each tribe. And we sent manna and quails for them to eat.

162 But we sent down wrath on those who changed the word.

163 Ask them (Muhammad) about the time when a big fish came to them on the Sabbath so they couldn't catch it, and then when it wasn't the Sabbath and they could catch and eat it, the fish didn't come. That's what we do to evil livers!

164 Some say, "Why do you preach to those whom Allah is about to destroy in an awful doom?"

They said, "So we can be free from guilt and ward off evil."

165 And when they forgot what they had been reminded of, we punished them with a dreadful punishment, because they were evil livers.

166 We said to them, “Be apes, despised and hated.”

167 Remember when the Lord said that he'd lay on them a cruel torment? Lo! He is forgiving, merciful.

Allah's scheme is strong

176 Those who deny our revelations are like dogs with their tongues out. 177 They are also evil. 178 Allah sends them astray. They are losers.

179 We have already sent many jinn and humans to hell. They were worse than cows; they couldn't see or hear and were neglectful.

180 Stay away from those who blaspheme Allah's names. They will be punished for it.

182 Step by step, we lead astray those who deny our revelations. I give them free rein, for Lo! my scheme is strong. 184 He is just a plain warner.

186 Allah leads some people astray. There is no guide for them. They are left to wander alone blindly.

199 But you, Muhammad, should be kind and loving toward others.

A few more words about this episode

Moses threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. (7:107)
This story about Moses and the Pharaoh is taken from the Bible, though the details are often different and out of order.
For the Bible's staff to serpent trick see Exodus 4:1-4 and 7:7-12.
Then he drew out his hand, and it was white. (7:108)
In the Bible, Moses never does this trick for the Pharaoh, but God taught it to him in Exodus 4:6-8
Pharaoh's wizards fell down and said, “We believe in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.” (7:121-2)
In the Exodus story, the Pharaoh's magicians aren't as easily impressed by Moses's tricks as they are in the Quran. In fact, they did the rod to snake trick themselves (although their snake was eaten by Moses's). It was the third plague (Lice) that convinced them -- who but God could make so many lice?
I'll cut off your hands and feet on alternate sides. Then I'll crucify you. (7:124)
In the Bible story, the Pharaoh doesn't cut off the hands and feet on opposite sides of his magicians and then crucify them for believing in the Lord of the worlds. (Crucifixion was a Roman punishment, unknown in Egypt at the time this story supposedly occurred.)
It is interesting, though, that this is the same punishment that Allah gave for those who war with him or his messenger, Muhammad. (See Quran 5:33.)
His Lord revealed his glory and the mountain came crashing down. (7:143)
In the Bible, Moses also asked to see God's glory. But God only showed him his "back parts". But no mountain fell down in the Exodus account.
Moses's people worshiped a calf, made out of ornaments, that made a lowing sound. (7:148)
The Bible story in Exodus doesn't mention the mooing of the golden calf
I smite whomever I want. But I have mercy on all things. (7:156)
Is Allah merciful?
But we sent down wrath on those who changed the word. (7:162)
No one knows what this verse is talking about. But whoever it was who did whatever it was -- were punished severely by Allah.
We said to them, “Be apes, despised and hated.” (7:166)
Allah turned some people into apes. Who were they and why did Allah do it?
Well, according to the story in 2:65-66, it was Jews for breaking the Sabbath.